The Port of Rotterdam has marked a major milestone in the global maritime energy transition by successfully completing its first-ever ammonia ship-to-ship bunkering pilot. Conducted on April 12, 2025, this groundbreaking initiative involved the safe and efficient transfer of 800 cubic meters of liquid ammonia between two vessels — a crucial step toward making ammonia a viable, carbon-free marine fuel of the future.
The operation, which took place at the APM Terminal’s new quay on Maasvlakte 2, was jointly executed by key partners: Trammo, OCI Global, and James Fisher Fendercare. It was supported by Victrol, the DCMR Environmental Protection Agency, Rijnmond Safety Region (VRR), and the Joint Fire Service (GB). Together, these stakeholders collaborated under the facilitation of the Port of Rotterdam Authority to validate the port’s safety protocols and infrastructure for ammonia bunkering.
Safe and Controlled Operation
The 2.5-hour bunkering operation involved transferring ammonia at -33°C, under strict safety procedures. Notably, the pilot was completed without any leakage or incident, demonstrating the port’s readiness to handle ammonia as a marine fuel. This test marks the conclusion of Port Readiness Level 6 under the international assessment framework, elevating the port to Level 7 — a status that enables regulated ammonia bunkering projects going forward.
This achievement not only underscores the port’s commitment to safety and innovation but also positions Rotterdam as a leader in preparing the global shipping industry for the use of alternative low-carbon fuels.
Why Ammonia?
Ammonia is seen as one of the most promising fuels for decarbonizing the maritime sector. Unlike traditional fossil fuels, ammonia combustion produces no CO₂ emissions, making it an attractive option for a greener shipping future. While this pilot used grey ammonia (produced using conventional fossil fuels), its chemical behavior mirrors that of clean or green ammonia, which is produced using renewable energy sources and has near-zero carbon emissions.
As a widely produced and transported chemical, ammonia benefits from an existing global infrastructure — giving it a strong head start over other nascent fuel types. The first commercial ships designed to operate on ammonia are expected to be launched between 2026 and 2027.
Strategic Collaborations and Global Impact
- OCI Global, operator of the ammonia terminal in Rotterdam and a leading player in low-carbon fuels, provided the ammonia for the pilot.
- Trammo, a market leader in seaborne ammonia logistics, coordinated the vessels and transport of the fuel. Its fleet of refrigerated gas carriers ranks among the largest globally.
- James Fisher Fendercare, a global expert in ship-to-ship operations, provided the essential equipment and operational know-how to ensure a safe and controlled transfer.
- Victrol, a seasoned bunkering company, shared its extensive expertise in marine fuel transfers.
- Public authorities including the DCMR, VRR, and Joint Fire Service ensured all safety, environmental, and emergency procedures were followed.
Part of the European MAGPIE Program
This pilot is one of several innovative projects supported by MAGPIE (sMArt Green Ports as Integrated Efficient multimodal hubs), an EU-funded initiative under the Horizon 2020 research and innovation program. MAGPIE brings together European ports, research institutes, and industrial players to develop sustainable logistics and clean energy systems. The Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller Center for Zero Carbon Shipping will lead the dissemination of findings from this pilot across Europe and internationally.
Towards a Multi-Fuel Future
As the world’s second-largest bunkering port, handling approximately 10 million tonnes of marine fuel annually, Rotterdam is determined to support the shift to cleaner shipping fuels — including LNG, methanol, and now ammonia. The port has already implemented its readiness methodology for LNG and methanol, and now sets the bar for ammonia readiness with this successful trial.
The learnings from this pilot will not only shape further development in Rotterdam but will also be shared across the EU and global maritime community — setting a precedent for safe and scalable ammonia bunkering worldwide.
About the Port of Rotterdam Authority
The Port of Rotterdam is a pivotal economic engine for the Rotterdam-Rijnmond region, the Netherlands, and Europe. With its strategic location, world-class infrastructure, and efficient hinterland connections, the port serves as a critical hub for international trade and industry. The Port of Rotterdam Authority is committed to the sustainable development, management, and operation of the port, ensuring safe, efficient, and environmentally responsible handling of shipping. Its goal is to strengthen the port’s position as a future-proof logistics hub, focusing on quality, innovation, and the transition towards a climate-neutral port that aligns with its surrounding environment.
Source The Port of Rotterdam